Podcast #4 Typography

Define typography?Typography is the art of expressing ideas through the selection of appropriate typefaces.
Where did the word "typography" originate from?Typography comes from the Greek words that mean form and writing.
What does typography involve?Typography involves creating and modifying type using a variety of illustration techniques.
What is a typeface?A typeface is a distictive design of visual symbols that are used to compose a printed image/design.
What is another term for typeface?Font is another term for typeface.
What is a character?A character is an individual symbol that makes up a typeface.
What is type style?Type style is a modification in a typeface.
What does type style "create" within a design?Type style creates design variety while maintaining the visual style of the typeface.
What is the waist line and what does it indicate?The waist line is the imaginary line drawn at the middle of the characters.
What is a base line and what does it indicate?The base line is the imaginary line drawn at the bottom of the characters.
What is an ascender?An ascender is the part of the character that extends above the waist line.
What is a descender?A descender is the part of the character that extends below the base line.
Describe a serif?A serif is a smaller line used to finish off a main stroke of a letter, usually at the top and bottom of a character.
How can the size of the typeface be identified?The size of the typeface can be identified by the point size.
What is a point?A point is the unit used in the measurement of point size.
How many points are in an inch?There are 72 points in an inch.
What is a pica and how many are in an inch?A pica is a unit of type size and line length.  There are 6 picas in an inch.
How many points are in a pica?There are 12 points in a pica.
What is body type and where can it be found?Body type is the type size that ranges from 4 pt through 12 pt type.  These sizes are found in places where threre is alot of text to be read.
What is the key to selecting appropriate typefaces to be used as body type?
Readability is the key to appropriate body type.
What is display type and how is it used?Display type is type size above 12 pt.  Typically, these sizes are used to draw attention to a message [headlines, subheadlines,etc].
What is reverse type and when would it be used?Reverse type consistes of white type on a solid black or darker color background.  If the text is too small, reverse type can be difficult on the reader's eye.  Display type is necissary.
What is a typeface classification?A typeface classification was devised in the 19th century when printers sought to identify a heritage for their own craft. 
When was Blackletter invented and how was it used?Blackletter is the earliest of the typefaces . It was used with the inventions of the printing press in the mid 1400s.
Describer the characteristics of a Blackletter typeface?Blackletter typefaces resemble the calligraphy of the time and are highly ornamental with elaborate thick to thin strokes.
When was Old Style invneted and what was is based on?It was used with the inventions of the printing press in the mid 1400s.  It was based on ancient Roman inscriptions and created to replace Blackletter typefaces.
Describe the characteristics of an Old Style typeface?Typefaces in this classification have wedge-shaped, angled serifs and a low contrast of their thick/thin strokes.
When were formal scripts developed?Formal scripts developed from formal writings of 17th and 18th century handwriting masters.  They will lend a formal quality to a composition.
When were casual scripts developed?Casual scripts developed in the 20th century.
Describe the characteristics of a Script typeface?Scripts should not be used as small body text.  It would be too difficult to read.
When was Modern typefaces developed and why?The Modern classification was developed in the late 18th and 19th centuries as a radical break from traditional typography of the time.
Describe the characteristics of a Modern typeface?Modern typefaces have a sharp contrast between thick and thin strokes and have thin, flat serifs.
How early can Sans Serif typefaces be found? What happened?San serif typefaces can be found as early as the 5th century however, the Italian Renaissance return to Old Style made the San Serif classification obsolete in the 20th century.
When did they become popular?It became popular in the 1920s.
What does "sans serif" mean?San serif lterally means "without serifs".
Describe the characteristics of a Sans Serif typeface?Its strokes are uniform in weight and have a monotone appearance.
When was Slab Serif developed and why?The Slab Serif classification was developed in the 19th century for advertising purposes.
Describe the characteristics of a Slab Serif typeface?It's mainly used for decorative purposes and headlines.
Describe Decorative typefaces?These typefaces have the most distictive design style.
Why were they developed?They were developed with a specific purpose, or theme, in mind.
What are they best used for?
They are best used for larger point sizes, or display type.

Review Week 14

Identify 5 colleges that offer graphic design (or related) majors. For each, list the school name, location, graphics majors that are offered, requirements for admission. Academy of Art University, San Francisco, California, advertising, animation and visual effects, architecture, etc., high school diploma.
Platt Collage, San Diego, California, 3D animation, digital video production, graphic design, web design, high school diploma.
Collins Collage, Phoenix, Arizona, BA graphic design, AS graphic design, BA interior design, BA fashion design and merchandising, complete a personal interview with an admissions representative in person.
Digital Media Arts Collage, Boca Raton, Florida, computer animation, graphic design, advertising design, visual effects animation, web design, individual basis, taking into consideration prior knowledge, achievement, and creative potential.
Brooks Institute, California, photography, film, visual journalism, design, interview.
Answer the following questions in your own words...
What is a portfolio?
A file of documents that show people's skills.
What is the importance of a portfolio?
It helps people get employed for what they exceed in.

Review Week 13

For each of the 8 principles of design, find an example that utilizes the principle within the design. You should have 8 DIFFERENT sample designs. For each, discuss how the particular principle is used.

Repetition-Repeating certain parts of a design.

Proportion-The size of different parts in a design.

Balance-The spread of heavy and light parts in a design.

Emphasis-The area of attention in a design.

Unity-The wholeness of a design.

Variety-The diversity in a design.

Rhythm-The organization of a design.

Contrast-Two similar parts are different in a design.

Also, answer the following questions in your own words.
How do you add a layer mask to a particular layer?
Press the option at the bottom of the layers toolbar that looks like a white circle in a black square labeled "add vector mask".
What two colors are used to create the mask?
Black and White are the two colors used to create the mask.
Describe the process of using a layer mask?
The black color makes the mask and the white color erases the mask.

Review Week 12

How can you, as the designer, use principles of design to help compose a page?
I can use principles of design to help effect the expressive content of the design.
What are the principles of design (define each in your own words)?

Repetition-Repeating certain parts of a design.


Proportion-The size of different parts in a design.


Balance-The spread of heavy and light parts in a design.


Emphasis-The area of attention in a design.


Unity-The wholeness of a design.


Variety-The diversity in a design.


Rhythm-The organization of a design.


Contrast-Two similar parts are different in a design.

Stephen Kroninger

What kind of art/design does he produce?
Collages made from cut up photographic images.
In what publications/media studios has his work been featured?
"Tie Your Socks and Clap Your Feet".  "Psssst!  It's Me the Bogeyman".  "If I Crossed the Road".Post 2 samples of his art. Answer the following questions for each piece...
Was this piece published? Where?

The New York Times.

Rolling Stone

What principles of design were utilized within the piece? How?
Repetition, proportion, balance, variety, contrast, and unity.
What elements of design were utilized?
Line, shape, texture, and color.

Podcast #3 Principles of Design

Define principles of design?
Concepts used to arrange the structural elements of a composition.
What do the principles of design affect?
They affect the expressive content, or the message of the work.
What is the principle of repetition?
Repeating some aspect or element of the design throughout the entire document.
Describe ways that the principle of repetition helps the composition/audience?
It works with patterns to make a composition seem active.
What are ways that you can incorporate repetition into your designs?
By using repetitive elements: bold font, thick line, certain bullet, color, design element, particular element, and spatial relationship.
What should you avoid when working with repetition?
You should avoid repeating so much that it becomes annoying or overwhelming.What is the principle of proportion/scale?
The relative size and scale of the various elements in a design.
What is the most universal standard of measure when judging size?
The most universal standard of measurement is the human body.How can the principle of proportion/scale be used as an attention getter?
Unusual or unexpected scale can be used as an attention getter.
What is the principle of balance?
The distribution of heavy and light elements on the page.
Which kinds of elements/shapes visually weigh heavier/greater?
Irregular shapes bear greater weight than regular shapes.
What is another name for symmetrical balance?
Another name for symetrical balance is formal balance.
Define symmetrical balance?
Symetrical balance occurs when the weight of a composition is evenly distributed around a central, vertical, or horizontal axis.
What is another name for asymmetrical balance?
Another name for asymmetrical balance is informal balance.
Define asymmetrical balance?
Occurs when the weight of a composition is not evenly distributed around the axis.
What is the principle of emphasis?
Emphasis is stressing of a particular area of focus rather than the maze of details of equal importance.
What happens to a design that has no focus?
When a design has no focus, nothing stands out.
What is a focal point and how is it created?
A focal point is an area where the eye tends to go first.  It is ctreated by making one element dominant with all other areas contributing but subordinate.
How many components of a composition can be a focal point?
No more than one component should be used for primary attention.
What ways can emphasis be created in a design?
Emphasis can be created by contrasting the primary element with its subordinate.
What is the principle of unity?
Unity is the "wholeness" of composition.
What three ways can unity be obtained?
1.Put objects close to one another.

2.Make things similar.

3.Direct vision by a line that around the design.

What is the principle of variety?
Variety pertains to differances and diversity.
What ways can a designer add variety to a design?
An artist can vary textures, colors, and shapes, and alter their contrast, tone, and intensity.
Why is it important to find the right balance between unity and variety?
It's important to find the right balance to have a successful, effective design.
What is figure?
Figure is a form, silhouette, or shape.
What is another name for figure?
Figure is also called positive space.
What is ground?
Ground is the surrounding area around the figure.
What is another name for ground?
Ground is also called negative space.
When a composition is abstract (has no recognizable subject) what will the figure depend on? What does that mean?
The figure will depend on the abstract relationship between visual elements
Why must a designer consider the composition as a whole?
It is a mistake to only plan the figure.What is the principle of rhythm?
Rythm is continuity, recurrence, or organized movement in space and time.How is rhythm achieved?
Rythm is achieved through the orderly repetition of any element, line, shape, value, and texture.What three ways can rhythm occur in a design?
1.Intervals between the elements, and often the elements themselves, are similar in size or length.

2.With a more organic, flowing, sense of movement.

3.A sequence of shapes through a progression of steps.


How does rhythm help a composition/design?
Rythm can help deliver the message by controlling the viewer's eye movement.What is the principle of contrast?
Contrast occurs when two related elements are different.How can contrast help a design?
Contrast can draw the viewer's eye into the place and help guide the viewer through it.What is wrong with having too much or too little contrast in a design?
Too much similarity becomes monotonous and boring.  Too much contrast can be confusing.What is the key to working with contrast?
The key to working with contrast is to make sure the differances are obvious.What are some common ways of creating contrast?
The most common ways of creating contrast are by creating differances in size, value, color, type, texture, shape, alignment, direction, and movement.